| ▴ Proto-Turkic | ▴ Altaic etymology | ▴ Meaning | ▴ Russian meaning | ▴ Old Turkic | ▴ Karakhanid | ▴ Turkish | ▴ Tatar | ▴ Middle Turkic | ▴ Uzbek | ▴ Uighur | ▴ Sary-Yughur | ▴ Azerbaidzhan | ▴ Turkmen | ▴ Khakassian | ▴ Shor | ▴ Oyrat | ▴ Halaj | ▴ Chuvash | ▴ Yakut | ▴ Dolgan | ▴ Tuva | ▴ Tofalar | ▴ Kirghiz | ▴ Kazakh | ▴ Noghai | ▴ Bashkir | ▴ Balkar | ▴ Gagauz | ▴ Karaim | ▴ Karakalpak | ▴ Salar | ▴ Kumyk | ▴ Comments |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ym- / *c?um- (*c?om-) | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 top, upper part 2 staff (with a knob) 3 lump, pompon, knob | face="Times New Roman Star"1 верхушка 2 палка (с набалдашником) 3 комок, помпон, набалдашник |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?omaq 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?omc?ak 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?omaG 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"mmek 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ъw|mak 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 115, TMN 2, 94-95, EDT 422. The Chuv. reflex points to *-y-. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ap-, *c?opur | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 pock-marked, variegated 2 badly bred, sloppy 3 to appear (of rash, furuncles) | face="Times New Roman Star"1 пестрый, рябой 2 непородистый, неряшливый 3 высыпать (о сыпи, чирьях) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?opur 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ubar 'cheval gris de fer', c?ibar 'grey, mottled (horse)' (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ipo|r 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ipa(r) 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?opur 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?opur 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?ubar 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?obur 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ubar 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ubar 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sa"ba"rt- 'to appear (of rash on lips)', sybar 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?apyr- 3, c?ubar 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ybar- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ybar, cybar 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ubar 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?apyr- 3, c?opur 1, c?ubar 'variegated' | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 116, 118-119, Егоров 320, Федотов 2, 403. An expressive and late attested root; appears, however, to be reconstructable for PT. The original shape is probably *c?ap- (preserved in c?ap-yr- 'to appear (of rash)', with further labial assimilation into *c?opur. The frequently attested variant c?upar > c?ubar is most probably a result of contamination *c?opur and *c?ubar (reflected in Tat. c?uwar, Kirgh. c?a:r that can only reflect *-b-). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?o:c?ka | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 young pig 2 child, boy 3 pig | face="Times New Roman Star"1 поросенок 2 ребенок, мальчик 3 свинья |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?oc?uq (MK) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?oz?|uk 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?uc?qa 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?oc?g|a 1 (Sangl.), (OKypch.) c?oc?qa (Houts.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|uz?|uq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?os?qa 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?os?Ga 1, 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|o:z?|uq 1 (cf. colloq. c?o:c?a 'camel') | face="Times New Roman Star"sosxa 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?os?qa 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?oc?qo 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?os?qa 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?oc?qo 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?os?qa 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?os?qa 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"sosqa 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?oc?xa 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?oz?|uq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"(K) c?oc?qa 3, c?oc?uq jatag|y 'afterbirth'; (T) c?oc?xa 'young boy (not a Karaim)', (H) cocka 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?os?qa 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?oc?qa 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 113, ЭСТЯ 4, 28, EDT 400. See Stachowski 1985 with an extensive list of material but with a strange conclusion that the word "onomatopoetischer Herkunft ist und somit durch Autogenese zustande kam". |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?(i)a:b | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"fame, good reputation, news | face="Times New Roman Star"слава, хорошая репутация , новости |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?av (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?av |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?aw (Sangl.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ov | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:v (arch.) | face="Times New Roman Star"sab-lag| 'renowned' | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap-tyg| 'renowned' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ov (may be < Az.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?ag| |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 93, EDT 393. Final -p in Siberian languages is not quite clear. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?Abul/(c?) | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"military commander | face="Times New Roman Star"военный командир | face="Times New Roman Star"c?abus? (Orkh., Yen.), c?avus? (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?avus? (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?avus? |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?awus? (Sangl.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ovus? 'leader of a pilgrimage' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?avus? (K) 'senior worker' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?awus? 'herald' | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 101, EDT 399, TMN 3, 35-38. Criticism of the hypothesis of the word's Iranian origin see in TMN. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ok | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 many, very 2 vile, hooligan 3 to gather, multiply 4 group, crowd | face="Times New Roman Star"1 много, очень 2 дурной, хулиган, баловник 3 собирать(ся), размножать(ся) 4 толпа, множество |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?oq 1 (ДТС - KB), c?o:q 2 (MK - Oghuz), c?og|-al- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ok (-g|u) 1, c?og|al- 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?oq 1 (Sangl., Oghuz-nama, AH), c?oq- 3 (Abush.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ox 1, c?oxal- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?oq (-qu) 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"sox 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?oq- 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?og| 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?oq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?og|yr 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?oq 'дружно' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?oju 4, c?oq-la-n- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?oq 1, c?og|y 4 (K) | face="Times New Roman Star"s?oq 2, 4 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 113, EDT 405, 406. The Oghuz adverb 'much', in the 12th c. (KB) 'very, extremely', is probably the same word as c?oq 'bad, vile'(Ogh. 11) (cf. also the Tuva parallel). Turk. > Mong. (Khalkha) cox in cox xara 'very black'. The identification of c?oq-(la-) 'gather, collect' with c?og|-la- 'to bind, pack' (ДТС) or c?oq- 'to bend' (EDT) is rather dubious. Vocalic length is unclear (cf. the voicing of -k- in Western Oghuz). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?o"k- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to kneel down 2 to sink 3 to sit | face="Times New Roman Star"1 опускаться на колени 2 оседать, тонуть 3 присесть, сесть на корточки | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"k- 2 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"k- 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"k- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"k- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"k- 1 (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u.k- 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"k- 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?oGe- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"k- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"k- 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?o"k- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"go"-do"- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s/ъk- 'to fall', s/ъw|g-ъw|n- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"su"gu"ru"j- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"k- 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?o"k/g- 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?o"k/g- 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"su"k/g- 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"k/g- 1, 2, 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"k- 1, 2, 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"k-, cok- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?o"k/g- 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"k-, c?o"x- 1 (ССЯ) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"k/g- 1, 2, 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 117, TMN 3, 120-122, EDT 413-4, Егоров 205, Федотов 2, 90-91. Turk. > WMong. c?o"ku"(le)-, Kalm. c?o"kl- (KW 444; TMN 2, 121, Щербак 1997, 113). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?o"l | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"steppe, desert | face="Times New Roman Star"степь, пустыня | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"lig 'name of a country' (Orkh.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"l |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"l (Abush., Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u.l | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"l | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"l (ЯЖУ) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"l | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"l | face="Times New Roman Star"so"l |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"l |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?o"l 'field, plaza' | face="Times New Roman Star"s?o"l 'steppe, desert' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"l | face="Times New Roman Star"s?o"l | face="Times New Roman Star"s?o"l | face="Times New Roman Star"su"l 'desert' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"l | face="Times New Roman Star"s?o"l |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"l | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 117, TMN 3, 122-123, EDT 420. Turk. > WMong. c?o"l 'desert' (because of uncertainty of OT c?o"lig doubted by Clark 1977, 135). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?om- / *c?o"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to dive 2 to swim 3 to scoop 4 to immerse, dip 5 scoop | face="Times New Roman Star"1 погружаться, нырять 2 плавать, купаться 3 черпать 4 окунать 5 черпак, ковш | face="Times New Roman Star"c?om- = c?o"m- 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?om-, c?o"m- 1 (MK), c?o"mc?e 5 (MK Oghuz) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"mc?e 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?um- 1, c?u"mec? 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?om- 1 (Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u.m-(mo|q) 1, c?u.mic? 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?om-, c?om-ul- (pass.) 1, c?o"mu"c? 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?omys? 5 (ЯЖУ) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"mc?a" 5 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"som- 1,2, somnax 'spoon' | face="Times New Roman Star"s?om- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"m- 1, 4, c?omyjaq 'pannier made of birch bark' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ъw|m- 1 ( < Tat.?; c?ъm 'jar' may be < Pers., see Федотов 2, 401) | face="Times New Roman Star"som-us- 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?ym-yn- (refl.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?om- 1, s?omuq 'a small trough made of birch bark' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?omul-/c?o"mu"l- 1, 2, c?o"mu"- 1, c?o"mo"- 4, c?o"mu"c? 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?om-yl- (pass.) 1, 2, s?o"mis? 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?om-yl- (pass.) 1, 2, s?omaqa , s?o"mis? 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"sumy- 1, su"mes 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"mu"c? 5 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"(K) c?o"m- 1, (T) c?om- 1, 2, (H) com- 1, 'to flow'; (K) c?omyc?, (T) c?o"mu"c? 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?om-yl- (pass.) 1, 2, s?o"mis? 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?um- (c?o"m-) 1, 2 (ССЯ) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?om- 4, c?omuc? 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 115, TMN 3, 95-99, EDT 422, Егоров 319. Cf. also *c?amc?ak / -y- 'big spoon' (VEWT 98; < *c?om-c?ak?). Various forms meaning 'to squat' may belong here as well (cf.: Tur. c?o"mel-, Az. c?o"ma"l-, Gag. c?o"mel-, Turkm. c?ommal-, Tat. c?u"ma"s?-, Kaz. s?o"mej-, KBalk. c?o"mel- ('trip over'; cf. also c?o"mel-t- 'to turn over; dip someone into water'), with a secondary semantic development ('dip, dive' > 'fall or sit down, squat'); cf. similar semantic shifts in PT *c?o"k-. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?o"p | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 dregs, impurity, rubbish 2 stick, small branch, straw 3 penis 4 grass, hay | face="Times New Roman Star"1 мусор 2 палочка, веточка, соломинка 3 penis 4 трава, сено | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"b, c?o"bik 1 (OUygh. Budd.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"b 'dregs of wine; any piece of noodles'; c?u"bek 3 (MK; with Kypch. phonology s?o"bik 'огрызок от фрукта') | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"p 1, 2, 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"p 1, c?u"bek 'oakum, combings' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u/u"b 2 (Pav. C.), 1 (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u.p 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"p 'grass; noodles' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"p 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"p 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?o"p 1, s?o"bek 'hemp straw' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"p 1; 4; afterbirth' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s/u"p@ 1; 'newborn child' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"p 4; 'afterbirth'; c?o"bo"go" 'dregs after boiling butter' | face="Times New Roman Star"s?o"p 1, 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?o"p 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"su"p 1, 'weed' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"b 2, 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"p, c?ep 'gag in a barrel', c?epka" 'grapevine, wine dregs', c?epel 'dirty' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"p 1, 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?o"p 1, 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"p 'weed, grass' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"p 1, 'weed; lot' | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 118, EDT 394, 396, Егоров 323, Федотов 2, 148. Turk. > Russ. Siber. c?up 'dregs', see Аникин 677. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?y:p | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"branch | face="Times New Roman Star"ветка |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?yp, c?ybyq (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ybyk, c?ubuk | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ybyq [c?ybyrqy 'lash'] | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ubuq (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?iviq | face="Times New Roman Star"c?iviq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ubuG | face="Times New Roman Star"c?y:byq | face="Times New Roman Star"symyx | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ymyq | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ybyq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ъbъk 'lash' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?yvyq | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ybyq | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ybyq | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ybyq | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ybyq | face="Times New Roman Star"sybyq | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ybyq 'lash' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ybyq | face="Times New Roman Star"cybuq, cubuq, c?ubuq 'lash' | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ybyq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ubuq | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 393, 395, VEWT 106, TMN 3, 1059, Лексика 118-119, Егоров 320, Федотов 2, 403-404. Forms meaning 'lash' reflect a contamination with PT *c?Abyk 'lash' (v. sub *c?`e:/bV). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ug | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 bundle 2 to bind, pack, wrap | face="Times New Roman Star"1 связка 2 связывать, упаковывать, обматывать | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ug| 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ug| 1, c?ug|-la- 2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) c?ug| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?olg|a- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ug| 'yoke' (Pav. C.), c?ulg|a- 2 (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ulg|a- 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ulg|a- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sulg|a- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?u 1 (R), s?ulg|a- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) c?u: 1, c?u:-la- 2 (R) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"su: 'wrapper', su:-la:- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"hu:-la:- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ug|la- 'to cover (with a blanket)' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?u: 1, (South.) c?uq 'swaddle' (*c?uguk), c?ulg|a- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?uw-maq 1, s?ulg|aw 'портянки' | face="Times New Roman Star"s?uw-maq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"syw 'placenta', solg|a- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ulg|a- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ulg|a- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?uw-maq-la- 2, s?ulg|a-n- 'обертываться портянками' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 119, EDT 405, 407, Stachowski 114. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ok- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to peck 2 to delve, dig 3 to pick at 4 to stab 5 to pick (eyes) 6 pitfall, delve | face="Times New Roman Star"1 клевать 2 долбить, копать 3 ковырять 4 закалывать 5 выкалывать (глаза) 6 рытвина, углубление | face="Times New Roman Star"c?oq- 4 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?oq- 'to rush at the prey (of a bird)' (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?oku- 1, c?ukur 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?uqy- 1, c?oqy- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o/uqu- (Sangl., Pav. C. (5)); c?uqur 6 (Sangl.; starting with Old Kypch.); c?ux-la- 3 (MA 137) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u.qi- 1, c?uqu-la- 2, 3, c?uqur 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?oqu- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?uxur 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?oq- 1, c?uqanaq, c?uxur 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"sox-la- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?oqu- 1, 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?oqu- 1, c?uqu- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?oqy- 1, s?uqy- 1, 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?oqy- 1, s?uqy- 2, 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"suqy- 1, soqo- 2, 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?uqur 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?oq- 'to sting', c?og|y- 1 (K), c?/сuqu/yr 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?oqy- 1, s?uqy- 2, 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?oqu- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 114, 119, EDT 406. Kypchak languages suggest a distinction between *c?oky- 'to peck' and *c?uky- 'to dig, delve', absent elsewhere, and possibly a result of interdialectal loans. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*da:pan | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"foot, sole | face="Times New Roman Star"нога, подошва |
| face="Times New Roman Star"taban (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"taban | face="Times New Roman Star"taban | face="Times New Roman Star"taban (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"to|bo|n | face="Times New Roman Star"tapan | face="Times New Roman Star"tawan | face="Times New Roman Star"daban | face="Times New Roman Star"da:ban |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"taman |
| face="Times New Roman Star"toban |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"davan | face="Times New Roman Star"daman | face="Times New Roman Star"taman | face="Times New Roman Star"taban | face="Times New Roman Star"taban | face="Times New Roman Star"taban | face="Times New Roman Star"taban | face="Times New Roman Star"taban | face="Times New Roman Star"taban | face="Times New Roman Star"taban |
| face="Times New Roman Star"taban | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 462, EDT 441, ЭСТЯ 3, 110-112, Лексика 289, Федотов 2, 249. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*da:g | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"mountain | face="Times New Roman Star"гора | face="Times New Roman Star"tag| (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tag| (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"dag| | face="Times New Roman Star"taw | face="Times New Roman Star"tag| (MA), tag|, t.ag| (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"to|g| | face="Times New Roman Star"tag| | face="Times New Roman Star"tag| | face="Times New Roman Star"dag| | face="Times New Roman Star"da:G | face="Times New Roman Star"tag| | face="Times New Roman Star"tag| (Верб.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tu: | face="Times New Roman Star"ta:g| | face="Times New Roman Star"tu | face="Times New Roman Star"tya 'taiga, wood' | face="Times New Roman Star"tya 'land, tundra' | face="Times New Roman Star"dag| | face="Times New Roman Star"dag|, tag| | face="Times New Roman Star"to: | face="Times New Roman Star"taw | face="Times New Roman Star"taw | face="Times New Roman Star"tau | face="Times New Roman Star"tau | face="Times New Roman Star"da: | face="Times New Roman Star"dag| | face="Times New Roman Star"taw | face="Times New Roman Star"da:g| | face="Times New Roman Star"taw | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 454, TMN 2, 439-440, EDT 463, ЭСТЯ 3, 117-118, Лексика 94, 111, Stachowski 236. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*daja- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to prop 2 to lean | face="Times New Roman Star"1 подпирать, прислонять 2 опираться |
| face="Times New Roman Star"taja- 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"daja- 1, dajan- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tajan- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"taja- 1 (Sangl.), 2 (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"taja- 1, tajan- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tajan- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tajan- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"daja- | face="Times New Roman Star"daja- 1, dajan- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tajan- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tajan- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"taja- 1, tajan- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"toja 'staff' [tajan- 2 < Tat.] | face="Times New Roman Star"taja:- 1, tajan- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tajan- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"dajan- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"daj aq 'staff' (Рас. ФиЛ) | face="Times New Roman Star"taja- 1, tajan- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"taja- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"taja- 1, tajan- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"taja- 1, tajan- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tajan- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"daja- 1, dajan- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"taja- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"taja- 1, tajan- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"taja- 1, tajan- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 455, EDT 567, ЭСТЯ 3, 125-127, Федотов 2, 259-260, Stachowski 215. Turk. *daja-k 'staff' [perhaps rather *dajna-k because of Tof. and Yak. forms: Yak. tajax, tajax, Dolg. tajax, tan/ak, see Stachowski 215, 216) > WMong. tajag|, Kalm. taj@g (KW 374-375, TMN 2, 445, Щербак 1997, 152). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*da:j- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"uncle | face="Times New Roman Star"дядя | face="Times New Roman Star"tag|aj 'maternal uncle' (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tag|aj 'maternal uncle' (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"dajy |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tag|aji 'maternal uncle' (Sangl., MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"to|g|a | face="Times New Roman Star"tag|a | face="Times New Roman Star"tag|yj | face="Times New Roman Star"dajy | face="Times New Roman Star"da:jy | face="Times New Roman Star"taj, tajy, ta:j | face="Times New Roman Star"tajy | face="Times New Roman Star"ta:j, taj |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ta:j |
| face="Times New Roman Star"da:j |
| face="Times New Roman Star"taj, tag|a | face="Times New Roman Star"tag|a (dial.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"dajy |
| face="Times New Roman Star"dajy | face="Times New Roman Star" VEWT 455-456, TMN 3, 196, EDT 474, ЭСТЯ 3, 127-129, Лексика 296. Some forms go back to a suffixed *da:ja-kaj. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*dal | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 branch 2 tree 3 willow | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ветка 2 дерево 3 ива, верба | face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tal 1 (KB), 3 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"dal 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3, (dial.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"dal 3 (Pav. C.), tal 1 (Pav. C., Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"to|l 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"dal 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"talax 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"talak 1, 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"tal 1, 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3 (also 'poplar') | face="Times New Roman Star"dal 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"tal 1, 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"da:l 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 489, VEWT 457, ЭСТЯ 3, 130-131, Лексика 125-126, Stachowski 216. Turkm. tal (with irregular t-) may be a loan from Kypchak: there seems to be no reason to postulate two different roots for PT. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*da:la- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to bite | face="Times New Roman Star"кусать |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"dala- | face="Times New Roman Star"tala- | face="Times New Roman Star"tala- (MKypch.: AH, Ettuhf.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"dala- | face="Times New Roman Star"da:la- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tula-, recipr. tola-s?- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"dala- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 3, 134-136, Ашм. XIV, 120. This root should be strictly distinguished from PT *ta:la- 'to rob', with which it is confused in VEWT 458 and in EDT 492. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*d(i)a:lak | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"spleen | face="Times New Roman Star"селезенка | face="Times New Roman Star"tal (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"talaq (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"dalak | face="Times New Roman Star"talaq | face="Times New Roman Star"talaq (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"talo|q |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"dalaG | face="Times New Roman Star"da:laq |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ta:l |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"talaq | face="Times New Roman Star"talaq | face="Times New Roman Star"talaq | face="Times New Roman Star"talaq | face="Times New Roman Star"dalaq 1; 'плавательный пузырь' | face="Times New Roman Star"talaq | face="Times New Roman Star"talaq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"talaq | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 457, EDT 495, ЭСТЯ 3, 137-138, Лексика 279. Tat. > Chuv. talak. |
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
